'Adi was sent for and he came to them. It is most likely that what is referred to in the hadith is the tool. Wildcards e.g. [16] Once in Israel, the women abandoned FGM. [74], Shiite religious texts, such as the hadith transmitted by Al-Sadiq, indicate circumcision is only required for men. That this occurred also among Muslims is shown by the following hadith: Various hadith define legal intercourse (for purity purposes) Greeks and Abyssinians became Muslim with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the Ibn al-Sabbagh said in al-Shamil: What is obligatory in the case of a man is to cut the skin on the tip of the penis until the entire glans becomes visible. removing the prepuce (Ar. Ijtihad include fatwas (opinions of Muslim religious scholars), which are often widely distributed and describe behaviour that conforms to religious requirements. The point is that in the case of males, all the skin covering the tip of the penis should be cut, but in the case of females only a part of the skin that is like a roosters comb at the top of the vagina should be cut. [84], Sikhism does not require circumcision of either males or females, and criticizes the practice. Circumcision is not mentioned in the Qur'an but it is highlighted in the Sunnah (the Prophet Muhammad's recorded words and actions). Some of them said, "They should be kept apart until a future year," and The Prophet said to her: Do not cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband." "Khitaan" in Arabic means the act of circumcising or being circumcised. another report: Take only a little and do not go to extremes., It is also Geneva: World Health Organization. See Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Daifah by al-Albani, no. In fact studying all these chains of narrators benefits a student of the science of hadith by introducing more than 30 problematic and weak narrators of hadith to him/her who are all over these chains of narrators. swore~ He replied: Yes, they should be circumcised, i.e., the top of the piece of skin that looks like a roosters comb should be cut. In the case of a woman, it means cutting the skin that looks like the comb of a rooster at the top of the vagina, between the two labia; if it is cut the base of it should be left like a date pit. 61382. This article looks at the reasons for this. Get him out! 2.1.5 When the Circumcised Parts Touch Each Other 2.2 Hadith: The Sahabah (the Companions of Muhammad) 2.2.1 One Who Circumcises Other Ladies 2.2.2 In Bukhari's al-Adab al-Mufrad 2.2.2.1 Someone to Amuse Them 2.2.2.2 Go and Circumcise Them and Purify Them 3 FGM in the Qur'an 4 FGM and the Schools of Islamic Law 4.1 Maliki Madhab 4.2 Hanafi Madhab That is if her husband has Al-Mughni, 1/115. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. [36] It is not in the Quran,[37]:10041005 and the Islamic position on it was historically unclear, with a few supposedly "weak" hadith encouraging it, and others discouraging it. We do not know of any difference of opinion on this matter, because it is doing something that is needed and which is allowed in shariah. My father had a son born to him and he invited this man on the day that Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani describes this hadith as poor in authenticity, and quotes Ahmad Bayhaqi's opinion that it is "poor, with a broken chain of transmission". circumcised parts meet. [42] In Arabic, the practice is referred to as khaf (Arabic: ) or khifa (Arabic: ). window.__mirage2 = {petok:"xVsF4tydGBzFHxpo02G0TmoEylr5mDjeg1ZmmUFT8oQ-1800-0"}; He chewed the dates and opened the child's mouth and put some chewed Fuzzy Search e.g. Arabic; [1] However, there are other adth which don't name circumcision as part of the characteristics of fitra,[2][17] and yet another adth which names ten characteristics, again without naming circumcision;[2] in Sahih Muslim, Aisha, one of Muhammad's wives, is quoted with saying: "The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Ten are the acts according to fitra: clipping the mustache, letting the beard grow, using toothpicks, snuffing water in the nose, cutting the nails, washing the finger joints, plucking the hair under the armpits, shaving pubic hair and cleaning one's private parts with water. In the Sunnah, Muhammad stated that circumcision was a "law for men.". (Imam) Ahmad said: ", Bilal ibn Ka'b al-'Ukki said, "We - Ibrahim ibn Adham, 'Abdu'l-'Aziz The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'The Ansar love dates,' and [2][7][14], According to some adth reports, Muhammad was born without a foreskin (a birth defect and medical condition known as aposthia),[1][2][7] while others maintain that his grandfather, Abd al-Mualib, circumcised him when he was seven days old. Contents ", Ibn Shihab said, "When a man became Muslim, he was ordered to The scholars' opinions cited above should be sufficient. it would not be possible to use this as an insult. "[18] Hence, the different hadiths do not agree on whether circumcision is part of fitra or not. [75] Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the highest-ranking Shia (Marja) in Iraq and the leader of the Hawza (Islamic University) of Najaf, forbids FGM on his website:[This quote needs a citation].mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. Islam Q&A, You can ask your question on the website via this link: https://islamqa.info/en/ask, Password should contain small, capital letter and at least 8 characters long, Log in Get him days and shave his pubic hair every month. [25], In the Sunn branch of Islam, the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence have different opinions and attitudes towards circumcision:[1] some state that it's recommendable, others that it's permissible but not binding, while others regard it as a legal obligation. Ab Hurayra, one of the companions of Muhammad, was quoted saying: "five things are fitra: circumcision, shaving pubic hair with a razor, trimming the mustache, paring one's nails and plucking the hair from one's armpits" (reported in the adth of Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim). Circumcision is Sunnah for men and women. ", "Bohra women go online to fight circumcision trauma", "Female Genital Mutilation: Many Pakistani women's painful secret", "Will the Syedna finally denounce khatna now? Most were flown to Israel between 1984 and 1991, where they converted to Orthodox Judaism. [4][2] Amad ibn anbal (founder of the anbal school), Ab anfa al-Numn (founder of the anaf school), and Mlik ibn Anas (founder of the Mlik school) all maintain that circumcision is not obligatory; cleansing of the foreskin is recommended instead. ", "Hadith Book of Dress Sahih al-Bukhari Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad ( )", "Hadith The Book of Purification Sahih Muslim Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad ( )", "What Do You Do at a Turkish Sunnet Festival? In the male it is also called i'dhar. her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Create your own unique website with customizable templates. She asked, 'Was he created [61], One hadith from the Sunan Abu Dawood collection states: "A woman used to perform circumcision in Medina. In Islam there is no fixed age for circumcision. finished their hajj." Matches any set of one or more characters. Boosts words with higher relevance. For example swore~ would result in swore, snore, score, etc. `Umdat as-Salik by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri (d. 769/1386), We do not [21] [21][6] In 1990 the IAC began referring to it as female genital mutilation, as did the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1991. This size [14][51][52] A conference at Al-Azhar University in Cairo in 2006 saw prominent Muslim clergy declare it unnecessary. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Related. Ibn Qudamah said in al-Mughni (1/115): As for circumcision, it is obligatory for men and it is good in the case of women, but it is not obligatory for them. of the clitoris will vary from woman to woman, and there may be differences between another hajj comes upon them, they must do hajj and sacrifice an animal. [1][2][4][7] Whether or not it should be carried out after converting to Islam is debated among Muslim legal scholars (Ulama). '", Abu Hurayra said, "Ibrahim, may Allah bless him and grant him Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless provided by Nuh Hah Mim Keller is not correct, since what the Arabic actually Muslims are still the largest single religious group to circumcise boys. Hence the words O son of an uncircumcised woman are used as an insult, because the uncircumcised woman has stronger desire. So this hadith, authentic or not, is not even relevant to the case under study. [63] A hadith in Sahih Bukhari says: "I heard the Prophet saying. With regard to a man, he cannot be clean from urine unless he is circumcised, because drops of urine collect underneath the foreskin and he cannot be sure that they will not drip and make his clothes and body impure. This is why some scholars say: "Circumcision is obligatory for men and a signof respect in the case of women". It was narrated that Umar said to a woman who circumcised females, Leave some of it if you circumcise (a girl). Al-Khallal said in his Jami: What is cut when circumcising: Muhammad ibn al-Husayn told me that al-Fadl ibn Ziyad told them: Ahmad was asked, How much should be cut in circumcision? with his wife while in ihram who has sent a message to Madina asking about February 2017. hairs., In Saheeh Performing FGM, including arranging for it to be performed overseas on resident Swiss girls, was outlawed in the country in 2012. [48][49] FGM is praised in a few hadith (sayings attributed to Muhammad) as noble but not required,[50] though the authenticity of these hadith has been questioned. [30] Spell 1117 of the Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts may refer to an uncircumcised girl ('m't), although there is disagreement about the word's meaning. this man? For men it consists of removing the prepuce from the penis, and for women, //]]>, Join our e-mail list for regular site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q&A 1997-2023. This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 13:40. This suggests that the Marriageability is its "main engine of continuation". '", Aslam, the client of 'Umar, said, "When we came to Syria with The . 1 "Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) (by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male, but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the bazr 'clitoris' [this is called khufaadh 'female circumcision'])." 'Umdat al-Salik e4.3, [3] Male circumcision is widespread in the Muslim world,[3] and accepted as an established practice by all Islamic schools of jurisprudence. Log in, Join our e-mail list for regular site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q&A 1997-2023. Until the 1980s FGM was widely known as female circumcision, which gave the erroneous impression that it was equivalent in severity and health effects to male circumcision. I.e. al-Filistini) in his village. M.F. It was narrated that he was the first one who was circumcised, as mentioned above. n: remark by the translator; Fuzzy Search e.g. De Buck, Adriaan and Gardiner, Alan (1961). Wildcards e.g. large, then part of it should be removed, otherwise it should be left alone. In Iraq and Iran, it's carried out only among the Sunni minorities. This is seeking perfection, not removing something harmful. (Al-Sharh al-Mumti, 1/133-134). in Arabic with facing English text, commentary and appendices Hadith 1: English translation : Book 53, Hadith 1244: Arabic reference : Book 1, Hadith 1244 See Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Da'ifah by al-Albani, no. The circumciser is not required to be a Muslim but he must be medically trained. (3), Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation' by, For more details on the above fatwas and more on the background of the issue and its medical considerations look at ', Muhammad Munir published in International Review of Law (2014) and '. ' According to Sayyid Sabiq, the author of Fiqh-us-Sunnah, all hadiths concerning female circumcision are non-authentic. He brought us some food, but Musa held back Imam Ahmad said: Ibn 'Abbas was very strict on this matter, and it was narrated that there is no Hajj and no prayer for him, i.e., if a person is not circumcised his Hajj and prayer are not valid. [16] It has been found among Coptic Christians in Egypt, Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia, and Protestants and Catholics in Sudan and Kenya. Is there a Hadith regarding female circumcision? Al-Mawsooah al-Fiqhiyyah (19/28). See Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Da'ifah by al-Albani, no. )", (Source: Reliance of the Traveller, Haworth, Abigail (17 November 2012). Circumcision of both men and women is presupposed. Muslim (527) from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him): I heard the he only has to do an umra and sacrifice an animal and he does not have ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: What is meant by this should be paid, regardless of the difference of opinion among the scholars "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", BBC News, 18 January 2010. Tel : (+27) 31 2011 824. Khitan is a noun describing the action of the circumciser (khatin). Create complex phrase and word queries by using Boolean logic. The following traditions are found in Malik's Muwatta: Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he heard Said to do another hajj and sacrifice an animal. Taha, Sya (12 March 2013). "Yes," she replied. [2][4][5][33] In many Muslim communities, khaf is a rite of passage and refers to the excision of female genital organs. [35], According to UNICEF, over 200 million women in Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and Southeast Asia have been subjected to the practice and are living with female genital mutilation. Many were circumcised, 'A'isha was asked, "Shall we call someone to amuse them?" him peace, and I fed them and they made supplication. [73] The Ulema has been pushing the Indonesian government to circumcise girls, arguing that it is part of Islamic teachings. ("pledge allegiance" OR "shelter) AND prayer ("pledge allegiance" OR "shelter) AND prayer Create an account, If you do not have an account, you can click the button below to create one, Create new account [1][2] According to Shfi and anbal jurists both male and female circumcision are legally obligatory for Muslims,[1][2] although anaf jurists also consider circumcision to be recommendable exclusively for Muslim males on the seventh day after birth. (Tuhfat al-Mawlud, 1/152) History of circumcision [6], Islamic male circumcision is analogous but not identical to Jewish male circumcision. cutting; that is better for the woman and more liked by the husband. This [2][22] It is also reported by Ab Dwd and Amad ibn anbal that Muhammad stated that circumcision was a "law for men and a preservation of honor for women". In Islam circumcision is also known as tahara, meaning purification. For example test* would result in test, tester, testers, etc. parts, even if there is no emission. "[35] Type III FGM became linked to slavery. "The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation", The Guardian. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28(1), pp. Muslims believe the removal of the foreksin makes it easier to keep the penis clean because urine can't get trapped there. [12] The practice isn't required by most forms of Islam and fatwas have been issued forbidding FGM,[13] favouring it,[14] or leaving the decision to parents but advising against it. (Book 20, Number 20.46.161). still recognise the supplication of that day in him. [2][4][5] It is considered a sign of belonging to the wider Muslim community (Ummah). Allah's Messenger () said "The Prophet) Abraham circumcised himself after Treating a Female Patient's Genital Areas Treating a Female Patient's Genital Areas In fact, FGM has only adverse health effects and is almost always more extensive than male circumcision. the husband. 'A'isha passed used this phrase as a chapter heading. Mid-day.com. Another hadith attributed to Muhammad states: "the earth cries out to God in anguish because of the urine of the uncircumcised", and that "the earth becomes defiled from the urine of the uncircumcised for forty days". The difference between them is that in the case of men, it serves an interest which has to do with one of the conditions of prayer, namely purity (taharah), because if the foreskin remains, when the urine comes out of the urethra, some of it will collect there, and this causes burning and infection every time the person moves, and every time the foreskin is squeezed, some drops of urine come out, thus causing najasah (impurity). We do not know of any hadeeth in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered that his wives or daughters be circumcised, but it is narrated that he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised a woman who did circumcision in Madeenah as to the proper way of circumcision. Abd-al-Baqi, Cairo, Ibn Majah, Kitab Sunan, ed. Yusuf ibn Abd-al-Barr commented: "Those who consider (female) circumcision a sunna, use as evidence this hadith of Abu al-Malih, which is based solely on the evidence of Hajjaj ibn Artaa, who cannot be admitted as an authority when he is the sole transmitter. He did them perfectly so Allah made him a leader of mankind. He went on, 'I made a lot of supplication Circumcision is not compulsory in Islam but it is an important ritual aimed at improving cleanliness. explanation of the Islamic reasons for (male) circumcision. [11] The Quran does not mention FGM or male circumcision. response to a question regarding female circumcision: Ibn Qudamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said, in his book al-Mughni: HadithAnswers.com is a site that seeks to serve the Muslim World by attending to queries that pertain to the Noble Traditions of Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam). '", : : : : . : .. Alsirah al-halabiyyah. The Shfi school instead regards it as binding on all Muslims, both males and females. Circumcision of the female consists of the removal of a part of the clitoris, The following section is found in the standard Shafi'i manual authenticity of this hadith. ", "Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern", "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account", "Fresh progress toward the elimination of female genital mutilation and cutting in Egypt", "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision", Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, "Circumcision - Does the Qur'an Approve it? 1. It is also used to describe the site of the circumcision, as in the hadith, "When the two circumcised parts (al-khitanan) meet, ghusl becomes obligatory." In the case of a female the word used is khafad. ibn Qarir, Musa ibn Yasar and I - visited Yahya ibn Hassan (al-Bakri ", "Women in small Muslim sect say they have had FGM in Canada", "Nearly 100 Girls May Have Had Genitals Cut by Doctors in Michigan, Prosecutor Says", "I Asked Bohri Women About Their Practice Of Female Genital Cutting Or Female "Khatna" And Here's What They Had To Say", "Female genital mutilation in Pakistan, and beyond", "African Culture, Traditional, Aspects of", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_views_on_female_genital_mutilation&oldid=1151825967, "Female genital mutilation comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons" (, Type II (excision): complete or partial removal of the. "Circumcision is obligatory (Shaykh 'Umar Barakat: for both men and women. [1][16], Some adth reports mention circumcision in a list of practices known as fitra[1] (acts considered to be of a refined person). Paying money for circumcision: Permissible. because he was fasting. she exclaimed, 'A shaytan! [1][2][4] Shte traditions, however, such as those practised in Iran, have the most stringent requirements for male circumcision, since it is seen as a ritual of purification akin to Christian baptism rather than an initiation to adulthood. [56], In 2018, the Islamic Central Council of Switzerland classified removal of the clitoral prepuce, a less severe form of FGM, as sunna (recommended). ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khitan_(circumcision)&oldid=1148740292, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 April 2023, at 00:48. An adze (qadum) is a carpenters tool; it was also said that al-Qadum is a place in Syria. The child licked his lips. A hadith with similar wording is quoted, attributed to Usama al-Huthali, who directly quotes the Prophet (pbuh) as saying: "Circumcision is a sunna for men and a sign of respect for women". In the case of women, it serves a useful purpose which is to reduce desire. 'Uff!' Fuzzy Search e.g. How circumcision is to be performed is mentioned in the hadith narrated by Umm But the purpose of circumcising women is to regulate their desire, because if a woman is not circumcised her desire will be strong. Female genital (sexual) mutilation or cutting off a part of her genital is certainly a crime against girls and there is no permission and justification for parents to do this operation. out! [59] Egyptian scholars such as Mohammed Emara and Mohammad Salim Al-Awa argue that FGM is not an Islamic practice and is not endorsed by Islamic jurisprudence. [38][b] In 2007, in a landmark ruling on the practice, the authoritative Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research in Cairo declared that female genital mutilation has "no basis in core Islamic law or any of its partial provisions".[39][c].
