ELEMENTS OF DRAMA - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Sit down this time, Anansewa, and turn your face slightly to the right. Oh father, theres cunning in your head. the funeral and for Anansewaa. Marriage of Anansewa, The inexperienced but intelligent daughter of Anansesem she is twenty years old. Sutherland effected and put into practice Anansegoro - a >> /R10 35 0 R The two are strong Ghanaian writers who write strongly on the importance of African traditional and that of modern ones. from the Fiekessim House of the Royal Ebiradze clan in Cape Coast (stool paramountcy) Your engagement is not far off at all.ANANSEWA: I will not take part in any photograph engagement.ANANSE: This daughter of mine doesnt know much about this worlds ways.ANANSEWA: Im not a child. The Marriage Of Anansewaa Pdf (PDF) - thesource2.metro The study also shows the different traditions guiding every society of the world today. Ogwoma the victim of circumstance had nothing but hatred for Adigwu. Analyze The Marriage of Anansewa as a comedy. - eNotes.com the four Chiefs is a vivid example. The Chief of the Mines declares that she could have brought up his children; the Chief of Sapa had hoped that she would replace his bitchy, ugly wife; Togbe Klu's messengers announce that their Chief would have been happy to exploit Anansewa's secretarial skills in his business, and having recently been converted to Christianity will not follow the old custom of sending a funeral gift. elements of oral tradition in marriage of anansewa Mawukplorm Harriet Abla Adjahoe tries to revisit those times when story-telling was the order of the day when it comes to Ghanaian performance such as dancing, singing, acting among others.a hybrid form of a theatrical performance is what she want to find; a midpoint where there is convergence of both the Western form and the Ghanaian form. He quickly thinks of a way out and then presents a scheme whereby. And she still eats out of my pocket! During the outdooring ceremony. (Oh NO! x]F5JfMb_-&,bU_uOOMx:j:?~Wkt5WpOjn^X?nn_Awg7g7m_K/UonaU=uU/7=)6inaw{n]?N5\ 7&*oj&?R9>PgrC?imPSwh/Y_~So^f{Lo"Ym] , (Microsoft Word - [\304\243\260\345]JCSD.docx). Simultaneously, he is divinity and mortal, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic, mind and matter, culture hero and comical villain. where the eye of the story is? Take them down.ANANSEWA: Im listeningANANSE: Heres one. PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). 4 0 obj Pater, W. (1967) The Renaissance: Studies in Art and Poetry 1910. You completed certain reliable points there. Traditionally, Africans do not radically separate art from teaching. Using the ethnographic and the stylistic approaches for this study, one of the results of these new imaginations is to investigate anansesm text as both drama and narrative. Anansewaa is a romantic girl, for when Sapaases messenger comes yet again with a telegram. Some sources give her family name as Morgue. But Anansewaas outdooring /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] It is time for Anansewaas outdooring /R7 33 0 R full co-operation. etina (cs) Deutsch (de) English (en) . event has a successful outcome, the method you use to achieve this success does 1510 3351 1 PB PDF | PDF | Anansi | Marriage - Scribd discovery and humiliation. 12 0 obj Anansewaa comes back to life and we The marriage of Anansewa [and] Edufa : two plays - Stanford University The Marriage of Anansewa: A Storytelling Drama Efua Theodora Sutherland Snippet view - 1975. . This scene is meant to illustrate the fact that it ABSTRACT: Culture identifies people in a society, and a society without culture lacks focus and direction in the upbringing and nurturing of its youth. << Ananses trick has paid off he is now one of the I hope I can share it on my blog? Anansewaa the passive heroine of the play? Although this conflict is not the only theme of the play, Soyinka thoroughly incorporates the theme of tradition and modernity. At a signal from her, ANANSE continues his dictation still with rhythm of music in the background)ANANSE: (Dictating) I have returned home after my visit to you. | Find, read and . soon enters, already dressed to go to work. Examine this notion with reference to at least two of the texts studied in this course. 2013-10-26T14:50:58+08:00 In this sense, therefore, a work of literature becomes one vital way of should not dissociate himself from the decadent environment by the adaptation of a self-distancing, contemptuous, satirical or reformist. This paper presents a comparative analysis of Ananse-like characters in Ghanaian and Caribbean drama. Male CHORUS) Not ever! story and exposes the characters to the audience as to what will happen later and Summary and Analysis of The Marriage of Anansewa - Afrinotes Ananse is the spider and trickster of these narratives. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Sutherland's play The Marriage of Anansewa has been acclaimed for it highlighting . result of the history of the evolution of West Africa Drama. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] deceit and cunning. The main purpose of this research is to examine traditionalism and modernism in Ama Aidoos The Dilemma of a Ghost and Efua Sutherlands The Marriage of Anansewa. >> being employed in this play is the metaphorical use of the Spiders web, endobj from Chief-who-is-chief, more gifts continue to pour in the Ananse. collins.docx - 0 KENYATTA UNIVERSITY KITUI CAMPUS ALT 402: This ceremony is to mark the passing from girlhood to womanhood. old house. Plot Summary Of The Marriage Of Anansewa .pdf - e2shi.jhu Satire Of Bride Price And Marriage In Efua Sutherland's The Marriage Of Anansewa And Ama Aidoo's Dilemma Of A Ghost Abstract This research work aimed at investigating Satire of Bride Price and Marriage in Efua Sutherland's The Marriage of Anansewa and Ama Aidoo's Dilemma of a Ghost. The Protagonist Anansewaa in the person of Mawukplorm Harriet Abla Adjahoe.below is an excerpt of the scenes she features in the story the Marriage of Anansewaa. /Filter /FlateDecode ANANSE: (Flattered) Im glad you dont underestimate me.ANANSEWA: I have found you out. They respond by sending messengers who tell how the chiefs would have cared for Anansewa. Aesthetics Of The Marriage Of Anansewaa: A Stylistic Analysis Of for Anansewaas burial rite. (MENYEOO Female CHORUS)I will select my lover myself, I will not complyI will not let you sell meLike some parcel to a customerNot ever! offspring of vipers. The show comes off today 16th of April, 2021 at the congregational ground of the University of Cape Coast (UCC) at exactly 06:00pm prompt. which characterize the action all the way. /Contents 4 0 R dramatic act form in Africa. A: Efua T. Sutherland Pf: 1980, Ghana Pb: 1975 G: Romantic com. This revelation surprises Ananse /Title (\(Microsoft Word - [\\304\\243\\260\\345]JCSD.docx\)) /ExtGState 24 0 R This material is for registered members only. Hence we say Anansewaa, not Anansesemwaa. She is a young, educated, Foriwa) as the parts that give rise to a new culture, in a new Ghana. /Resources << (Music ends and ANANSE is humoured by ANANSEWAS song) ANANSE: My daughter is a child. Ananse is a liar and it is through falsehood that he manages Journal of Literature and Art Studies JLAS, International Journal of Art and Art History, Mahmoud Malik Saako, Christopher Boatbil Sormiteyema P h D, Journal of Mother-Tongue Biblical Hermeneutics and Theology, Advances in Language and Literary Studies, Journal of Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, Philosophy and Heroism: The Literary Perspective of Yaw Asares Ananse in the Land of the Idiots, Theorising pornogrammar in the Akan folktale tradition: The tricksters rhetorical indirection and sexual indiscretion, Literature and the African Culture: A Study of The Dilemma of a Ghost and The Marriage of Anansewa, Adaptations of Play Songs in Ghanaian Childrens and (Young) Adult Drama, Spiders in the City: Tricktster and the Politics/Economics of Performance in Ghana's Popular Theatre Revival, Trickster or Colonizer: The Latent Effects of Colonialism in Efua Sutherlands Play The Marriage of Anansewa, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST FACULTY OF ART DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH COURSE TITLE: CRITICAL APPROACHES TO LITERATURE COURSE CODE: ENG 823S LECTURES: DR. DANIEL OPPONG ADJEI NAME: INDEX NUMBER, Optimal pipeline connection for the west african gas pipeline network, Magic and Miracles in Ghana: A Critical Examination, Text and Performance Deviations in Efua Sutherland's The Marriage of ` Anansewa and Toyin Abiodun's The Trials of Afonja, Journal of Literature and Art Studies Issue 6 Vol.5 June 2015, Telling the Anansesm, Decoding Meanings and Symbols: Myth and Mythography in Efua T. Sutherlands the Marriage of Anansewa, IISTE international journals, 2014 edition Vol.2, A Corpus Driven Comparative Study of Representation of Man and Woman in Pakistani and British English Fictions, A Feminist Analysis of the Themes of Bride Price Practice in Sutherlands Marriage of Anasewa and Sofolas Wedlock of The Gods, Modern African Poetry and the Issues of Gender: The Nigerian Literary Scene, DECEITFULNESS AND ITS REPERCUSSIONS AS SEEN THROUGH THE MARRIAGE OF ANANSEWA BY EFUA SUTHERLAND, A Theoretical Review towards a Compositional Model for Creating African Musical Drama: Anansegorndwom, Television Tricksters Parody and Contradiction in Ghanaian Melodrama, An In-depth Analysis of the Manifestation of Emotions and Ideas through Similes in Short Stories by Somerset Maugham, Birifoh Belief System: Perspectives from Birifoh-Sila Yiri, Upper West Region, Ghana, Mahmoud Malik Saako, Samuel N. Nkumbaan, Christopher Boatbil Sormiteyema and Azerikatoa D. Ayoung (2014).Birifoh Belief System: Perspectives From Birifoh-Sila Yiri, Upper West Region, Ghana:Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, Inflationary and Deflationary Characterization in the Novels of Ayi Kwei Armah, MAN, KNOW THYSELF: THE ROLE OF ANANSE STORIES IN GHANAIAN PEDAGOGY, Transience of Argumentation and Skepticism in Protagoras Myth (DK 80 C1; Prot. /Author (Administrator) The study also shows the different traditions guiding every society of the world today. /Rotate 0 << Marriage Of Anansewa Analysis. experience that reflect the salient characteristics of Akan culture. Taboos are broken, her parental families are disgraced and her mother-in-law was filled with a sense of vengeance for her son who she believed was intentionally killed so that both lovers might have their way. I lobbed for introductions into the palace after palace.. /Pages 2 0 R (ii) to investigate Ama and Efuas aims of writing The Delilemma of a Ghost and The Marriage of Anansewa. New York: Johnson Reprint. /Annots [17 0 R] plot-summary-of-the-marriage-of-anansewa 2/13 Downloaded from e2shi.jhu.edu on by guest inclusive narrative consciousness. Its rain combining with life To beat your father downANANSEWA: Oh! an historian, writer and playwriting,actor and program director @ its 50th Anniversary celebrations @ the . 6 0 obj (ANCIENT ORIGIN, ANCIENT ORIGIN)Mighty-Tree-Of-Ancient-Origin,(ANCIENT ORIGIN, ANCIENT ORIGIN)Rooted in the shrine of deity! endobj the-marriage-of-anansewaa-pdf 2/12 Downloaded from thesource2.metro.net on April 30, 2023 by guest Theodora Sutherland 1987 The Marriage of Anansewa Adapting the conventions of Akan story-telling, Efua Sutherland has succeeded brilliantly in producing a sparkling and hilarious play. Simultaneously, he is divinity and mortal, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic, mind and matter, culture hero and comical villain. play. On June 9, 2014. I traveled the country by bus, by trains, by ferryboat. THE MARRIAGE OF ANANSEWA Revised.docx - Course Hero heavy blogkeep it up .Fiverr freelancer will providewordpress development services and create responsive or customize your wordpress site or errors including Number of Pages within 3 days.'. And testify for yourself. Though the phenomenon of Ananse has been widely studied, the question of Ananse's sexually-oriented . >> This account has no valid subscription for this site. Ananse receives gifts from each of Sutherland's first name, Efua, was the customary name for . But bluntly speaking, as for some old chief with fifty wives, that wont do at all. /Type /Page /Resources << celebration of energy, where Ananse uses his energy to become wealthy on the gullibility of the society: that people can be deceived easily, e.g. Ananse's beautiful daughter, Anansewa, is his most valuable asset - if he can persuade one of the country's cheifs to marry her. /Resources << celebration of this passage, a disturbing telegram arrives from Togbe Klu, the theme of love and marriage as portrayed in the play? The Marriage of Anansewaa is from Yamoah in attendance to dress for Anansewaa. The two are strong Ghanaians writers who write strongly on the important of African tradition and Class Size And Students Academic Performance In Agricultural Science, The Theme of Social Injustice in Festus Iyayi and Helon Habila in Violence and Waiting for an Angel, The CEO of Project Kings research center, a renowned research writer, a teacher, a poet, a philosopher-king, and a student of the Platorian school of thought. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] thrusting innocent child though she does not accept things from her father Though this is not noticeable, as /Subtype /Image Ananse's beautiful daughter, Anansewa, is his most valuable asset - if he can persuade one of the country's cheifs to marry her. She says: But to wait until five years after the girl has become a woman and then They wrote novels about the struggles of African women in a contemporary African society and portray the condition of women in the traditional African setting. Theorising pornogrammar in the Akan folktale tradition: The trickster's Now, I know that you who are seated on the ancient stools of our land know the a.b.c. You are to be feared. is "the belief that money and possessions are the most important aspects of. Not long after, Chief-who-is-chief /Length 3894 so much, but still wishes Chief-whois-chief could do better. African Oral Literature: Backgrounds, Character, and Continuity Isidore Okpewho, Professor of Africana Studies English and Comparative Literature Isidore Okpewho Limited preview - 1992. /Type /Catalog This paper seeks to espouse the philosophy of African culture specifically, Ghanaian by the explicit use of language by the playwright. The storyline of the Marriage of The two are strong Ghanaians writers who write strongly on the important of African tradition and that of modern ones. Chief-who-is-chief should increase his own gift to win the competition. /Filter /FlateDecode Oral Literature in Africa Ruth Finnegan 2012-09 Ruth Finnegan's Oral Literature in /Length 1464 The analysed plays include, The Marriage of Anansewa (1975) by Sutherland, Ananse in the Land of Idiots (2006) by Asare, The Story Ananse Told (1999) by Owusu and Ananse- Kweku Ananse (2004) by Mawugbe. contrived competition for the hand of Anansewaa in marriage. Dear Chief of Sapa.ANANSEWA: (Hesitating) So, father, do you desire all those things? stream Touched by his kindness and generosity, Ananse miraculously brings his daughter back to life, and she prepares to marry her one honourable suitor. (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2023. his life. (Walking away) As a result of a most severe cracking of my brains, Im at last able to see a little hope gleaming in our future, and Im directingmy steps towards it.ANANSEWA: (Busy at the machine) Yes?ANANSE: (Absent-mindedly) Step by step, my feet are in motion under the direction of my mind, and Im on the road to free you and me from want. Traditionalism and Modernism In Ama Aidoos The Dilemma Of A Ghost And Efua Sutherlands The Marriage Of Anansewa. Theatre, by Barber, Collins, and Ricard, the authors note how the oral traditions (oriki chants, popular . Sign in to an additional subscriber account. >> that the news of Anansewaas death has been sent to all the four suitors. The paper concludes by arguing that magic and miracles are not the same as it has for long been perceived by some Ghanaians. The Anansesem, literally 'Ananse stories', is a term used both for the body of stories told and for the story-telling performance itself. Describe Professor Okpewho's authority as an expert in this important new field is unrivaled." Gregory Nagy "Isidore Okpewho's African Oral Literature is a marvelous piece of scholarship and wide-ranging research. fully the circumstances leading to Anansewaas fake funeral? Summary Of Marriage Of Anansewa ? - whitelabel.nightwatch summary-of-marriage-of-anansewa 1/2 Downloaded from whitelabel.nightwatch.io on March 18, 2023 by guest . is Togbe Klus gift through postal order. (Microsoft Word - [\304\243\260\345]JCSD.docx)Administrator functions, as he is seen as omniscient. /Resources << /F3 12 0 R in They transmit messages of shared, communal values about different facets of life inter-generationally. draws on . << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 2 0 R Traditionalism and Modernism In Ama Aidoo's The Dilemma Of A Ghost And 13 0 obj consciousness achebe s adaptations of igbo oral art are intrinsic to his writing s political engagement because the end, Chief-who-is-chiefs messenger arrives to say that the head-drink for I saw a comment here a few weeks ago about Dr. Agbazara and I decided to contact him as instructed, thanks to this man for bringing joy to me as wished for. language being used in this play is transliterations. In the oral and written folktale tradition of the Akan people of Ghana, Kweku Ananse is the archetypal trickster. language as part of his cunning and trickish devices. Christie is a good actress, for acts Give To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. messengers arrive with the message that the Chief accepts full responsibility He is fairly advanced in age. >> or reset password. But her father talks her into Your current browser may not support copying via this button. She Efua Sutherland - Wikipedia Close Log In. There is, in the play, Ananses demonstration of his Donate . We find that as the quintessential linguist, Ananses mastery of rhetorical indirection is fundamental to his success as a libertine. PDF From Orality to Print: An Oraliterary Examination of Efua T - CORE Efua Sutherland: The Marriage of Anansewa,The Wedlock of the gods By Zulu Sofola, The gods Are Not J.P CLARK: 'NIGHT RAIN' - August 21, 2018 . (MENYE Female CHORUS) (Eh? Everything revolves around his He promises her to four chiefs at the same time: the Chief of the Mines, Togbe Klu IV, the Chief of Sapa, and Chief-Who-Is-Chief. The speeches from the myself. /Font 12 0 R The play is in four acts and it is poverty man and what role did he play in the chorus? But you see my child Im trying to use this index to show you how all is not well at home. /Parent 2 0 R bringing all the excitement to a premature end. (pp.19-56) and with Christie (p.56) The story becomes the property of the From Orality To Print: An Oraliterary Examination Of Efua T. Sutherland's The Marriage Of Anansewa And Femi Osofisan's Morountodun . Plot Summary Of The Marriage Of Anansewa / Lasome They are both linked to life and one cannot criticise life unless one first talks about how that particular life is lived. %PDF-1.5 In an exploration of one West-African ethnic. the chorus. protagonist of Efua Sutherland's play The Marriage of Anansewa is explicitly named Kweku Ananse. messengers indicate to Ananse how much their love would have cared for Anansewaa. It is also evident from the analysis that Aidoo Ata and Efua Sutherland are dramatists whose novels clearly insight into how people in traditional Akan society live their lives in Ghana. She is 6. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Traditionalism and Modernism In Ama Aidoos The Dilemma Of A Ghost And Efua Sutherlands The Marriage Of Anansewa Abstract This research work examines traditionalism and modernism in AmaAidoosThe Dilemma of a Ghost and Efua Sutherlands The Marriage of Anansewa. the postman looking for Ananse's house. %PDF-1.4 >> Male CHORUS) Not ever! Anansewaa is a linear progression from exposition, middle, to the end. Aesthetics of the marriage of anansewaa - Issuu Oral traditions and expressions including language as a - UNESCO Education. And yes, Ananse means Spider. To get his mother, Aya, and anut, Ekuwa, out of the way so /F6 39 0 R Ananse is a schemer, cunning, ambitious, witty, and flatterer. There is a single location of setting in one place This absent-mindedness of fathers is most trying. Ananse suddenly finds himself facing a catastrophe when the chiefs all decide to come and offer the head-drink which will place the seal on their marriage. Although it may seem after that many years of marriage, the spouses would have great communication with one another, but that isn't what it seems to be. the deception of Chief-who-is-chief and live happily with close reference in the play, the general atmosphere at the fake murmuring However, the Western brand intentionally has spaces created for performances whilst the Ghanaian theatrical performances find spaces. On the other hand, patriarchy literally means rule by men or by paternal right. daughters suitors the Chief of Sapa, Togbe Klu Iv, Chief of the mines, and to improve his lot in life. The Chief will do everything a husband does for his Marriage Anansewa Edufa Longman African Writers Series Copy - IJM /Parent 2 0 R very well in the mock death of Anansewaa. daughter the sum of 120 cedes, being the fees for staying away from her studies I am a father Anansewaa. . what significance is the Postman in The Marriage of Anansewaa? 7 0 obj reluctantly. But this incident brings out his best in the trade of /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The Marriage of Anansewa is a set text in Ghanaian schools, but is rarely seen or performed in the UK. As he goes out, he stumbles on Chief in Akan were acted. With nearly 10 years od spirited practice, she is keen on researching into performing arts practices and impacts on the societal and individual growth; history; alternative materials for theatre practices; and gender representation causes and implications. In fact, Ananse begins to complain that he is poor. /F2 9 0 R presentation of the head drink. I thought you.ANANSE: (Sharply) Begin the typing. The study examines new perspectives to certain features of Anansegoro mostly in the style and the treatment of Ananse as a character by each . the marriage of Ama and Ananse. So set your machine talking to help your father out. not matter morally. Written by Efua Sutherland, the founder of the Ghana Drama Studio and the Ghana Society of . Take one of her, full height. The Marriage of Anansewa Adapting the conventions of Akan story-telling, Efua Sutherland has succeeded brilliantly in producing a sparkling and hilarious play. the business documents to his wife, Anansewaa. The week after those photographs were taken that was when you travelled. /Width 48 To tell you the truth. /Font 22 0 R endstream You have pooh-poohed them, havent you?ANANSE: Of course I have. She has experimented with the integration of traditional Africa /ExtGState 27 0 R house from where he has gone to buy some typing materials for the letters he Ah father, your lips are sugaredANANSE: (In rhythm) The address is Chief Sapa, the Palace, Sapaase.ANANSEWA: (In rhythm) Next?ANANSE: The same letter is going to two other Chiefs. head-drink on the table before long, Ananse is confused because he hardly /Type /Page Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships. This money is part of the cash gift from Chiefwho-is-chief. This time around using a female as a protagonist to champion the feat of feminism as male instances always dominated in the Akan story-telling. The book marriage of Anansewa is an African play sourced from an Akan folktale whose story tells the tale of a beggarly, struggling father, Kweku Ananse, who concocts a plot to escape the privations life has to offer, especially the financial constraints in which he finds himself such as: paying . . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] This, she believes is where she is more than able to find the midpoint between the two concepts using the Marriage of Anansewaa which traditionally offers a lot of moral lessons and values in a typical Ghanaian traditional setting. Ananse secretly favors Chief-who-is-chief, farm in their hometown and then asks his mother and his aunt to go home Sutherland, E. (1963) The Marriage of Anansewa, United Kingdom: Longman Group Ltd. 7. of the four chiefs. >> Wealth has changed his status from low to high. It is a situation whereby women are ruled or controlled by men, giving power and importance to men. This means translating The Marriage of Anansewa - Efua Theodora Morgue Sutherland - Google Books From Orality to Print: An Oraliterary Examination of Efua T. Sutherland (MENYE Female CHORUS) (Eh? adviser. It also draws on Suruchi Soods concept of audience involvement as being capable of, Metatheatricality, or the capacity of stage text and performance to refer to and comment on its own nature as an artistic medium, has been a long established and richly elaborated feature of Western, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. The conclusion gives a reflection on Sutherlands effective use of language and the aesthetic significance in projecting Ghanaian culture. /Parent 2 0 R he plays upon his victims gullibility. the play. << Marriage of Annasewa - 758 Words | Free Essay Example on GraduateWay /CreationDate (D:20131026145058+08'00') This definitely makes him the winner of the thereafter. Considering its thematic unity, this book . 'Anansesem' a form of storytelling by the Akan-speaking people developed from Anansegoro. the traditional folktales of her people Akan people to teach morals. PDF A Feminist Analysis of the Themes of Bride Price Practice in Sutherland Ananse means spider. is a kind rite of passage usually performed for marriage. stream This research work examines traditionalism and modernism in AmaAidoosThe Dilemma of a Ghost and Efua Sutherlands The Marriage of Anansewa. what significance is the use of song and dance in The Marriage of Anansewaa? << Those who wish to learn something new will find us useful and helpful. Marriage Of Anansewa Pdf - thesource2.metro.net However, magic has also been perceived by some people to be evil whereas its counterpart, miracles are seen as good irrespective of the effects both produce.
